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Slips and capture
Slips and capture is an alleged type of error that occurs in high stress situations, in which a person inadvertently performs one action while intending to do another.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Destroying Myths & Discovering Cold Facts : Force Science explains "slips-and-capture errors" And other psychological phenomena that drove the fateful BART shooting )〕 Slips and capture has been referenced by law enforcement in two prominent fatal shooting cases where a suspect was shot by a police officer while allegedly intending to use a Taser.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.wsj.com/video/tulsa-officer-says-he-mistook-handgun-for-taser/810FC2F7-60C6-482B-BFEA-6B9CEF4C9D39.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.onenewspage.com/video/20150410/2747679/Officials-call-shooting-slips-and-capture-event.htm )〕 A criminal justice expert interviewed by CNN stated that there were no scientific basis for the theory of "slip and capture," and that most courts would reject the argument as inadmissible. However, the ideas and terminology of slips and capture exist in the study of the psychology of human error,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Intro to the pyscology of human error and medical errors )〕 which was extensively defined by James Reason in 1990.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Human error – slips and mistakes – The Interaction )〕
"Slips and Capture" is a phrase made notable by police use-of-force consultant Bill Lewinski in 2009 as part of the defense of an officer charged with the accidental shooting of a suspect in an Oakland, California train station,〔BART Police shooting of Oscar Grant〕 but has also been used in the business〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Skill, Rule, and Knowledge-Based Behaviours and Errors )〕 and medical sectors.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Patient Safety Tip of the Week Archive )〕 Both terms occur in error terminology,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Glossary of Error-Proofing Terms )〕 where slips are defined as "errors in the performance of skill-based behaviors, typically when our attention is diverted",〔 and capture refers to "a type of slip where a more frequent and more practiced behavior takes place when a similar, but less familiar, action was intended."〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Usability First – Usability Glossary – capture error )〕
Lewinski has a doctorate in psychology from Union Institute & University, an online college. His company, "Force Science Institute," specializes in damage control for police departments, advertising “We save lives and reputations” on their website. Lewinski published a newsletter article on the "Slips and Capture" theory in "Force Science News #154" after he began work on the Fruitvale (BART station) shooting defense.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Force science News #154 : Force Science explains "slips-and-capture errors" and other psychological phenomena that drove the fateful BART shooting )〕
== Shooting of Oscar Grant ==
(詳細はNew Year's Day of 2009, Oscar Grant III was shot and killed by Bay Area Rapid Transit officer Johannes Mehserle after subduing the suspect following a fight. Mehserle indicated that he intended to use his Taser, but inadvertently grabbed his pistol, a SIG Sauer P226, instead.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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